CPR Basics: What to Do When Someone Stops Breathing
Around 70% of cardiac arrests happen at home, and survival drops 10% for every minute without CPR. Hands-only CPR is nearly as effective as full CPR for adults—and anyone can learn it.
The 3-Step Hands-Only CPR Sequence
- 1. Check for responsiveness and normal breathing. If none, call 911 and get an AED.
- 2. Place the heel of one hand on the center of the chest, other hand on top, arms straight.
- 3. Push hard and fast—at least 2 inches deep, 100–120 compressions per minute. Don't stop until help arrives.
How Hard, How Fast
Compressions must be at least 2 inches deep on an adult and delivered at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute. A common trick is to compress in time with the beat of 'Stayin' Alive' by the Bee Gees.
Full chest recoil between compressions is just as important as depth. Leaning on the chest prevents blood from returning to the heart and reduces the effectiveness of every compression that follows.
When to Use an AED
Use an AED as soon as one arrives. Turn it on, attach the pads as shown, and let the device analyze the heart rhythm. It will tell you exactly what to do next—including when to deliver a shock and when to resume CPR.
An AED cannot shock someone who doesn't need it. It only advises a shock when a specific shockable rhythm is detected.